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HVAC reference

Air Changes Per Hour Calculator

Turn a room size and a target ventilation rate into the CFM you need — or check the ACH a given airflow actually delivers.

Short answerACH = (CFM × 60) ÷ room volume in ft³. To hit a target, flip it: CFM = ACH × volume ÷ 60. Match the target to the room type (offices ~6, kitchens ~20, warehouses ~4).

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How it's calculated

One air change means a volume of air equal to the room is supplied (or exhausted) once. CFM is the airflow in cubic feet per minute; multiplying by 60 gives cubic feet per hour, and dividing by the room volume gives changes per hour. The right target depends on occupancy, heat load and contaminants.

ACH = (CFM × 60) ÷ Volume(ft³) CFM = (ACH × Volume) ÷ 60 Volume = L × W × H
Worked example
  1. Room 40 × 25 × 10 = 10,000 ft³.
  2. Target 6 ACH.
  3. CFM = 6 × 10,000 ÷ 60 = 1,000 CFM.

Reference tables

Typical air-change targets by space

SpaceACH
Office4–8
Classroom6–12
Restaurant kitchen15–30
Warehouse4–6
Restroom8–15
Laboratory8–12

A number the tables do not give: a 10,000 ft³ office at 6 ACH needs 1,000 CFM — about a 20-inch round duct at 700 fpm.

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FAQ

Is ACH the same as CFM?

No. CFM is raw airflow; ACH normalizes it to the room volume, so it tells you how quickly the whole room is refreshed.

What ACH should I target?

It depends on the space and code. Offices sit around 4–8, kitchens and labs are much higher. Use the table as a starting point and check the local mechanical code.

Does ceiling height matter?

Yes — volume is length × width × height, so a taller room needs proportionally more CFM for the same ACH.

Supply or exhaust?

Either can define ACH; balanced systems match them. For contaminant control, exhaust ACH is usually the governing number.

This page is a reference aid. Always verify against ASHRAE guidance and the applicable mechanical code. Figures shown are for orientation, not a stamped design.

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