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Process reference

Silo Capacity Calculator

Turn silo dimensions and a material’s bulk density into stored volume and weight.

Short answerVolume = cylinder (π r² h) + cone (⅓ π r² h_cone). Capacity (weight) = volume × bulk density. Watch units — bulk density (lb/ft³) times volume (ft³) gives pounds.

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How it's calculated

Most silos are a cylinder over a cone hopper. Add the cylinder volume to the cone volume for the geometric capacity, then multiply by the material’s bulk density for the stored weight. Usable capacity is a bit less because of the angle of repose at the top and dead space at the outlet.

V = π r² h_cyl + (1/3) π r² h_cone Weight = V × bulk density (lb/ft³ × ft³ = lb)
Worked example
  1. Cylinder π×6²×20 = 2,262 ft³; cone ⅓π×6²×8 = 302 ft³.
  2. V = 2,564 ft³.
  3. Corn (45 lb/ft³) → ≈ 57.7 tons.

Reference tables

Typical bulk densities

Materiallb/ft³
Corn / grain45
Wheat48
Cement94
Sand (dry)100
Wood pellets40
Plastic resin35

A number the tables do not give: a 12 ft-diameter, 20 ft-tall cylinder with an 8 ft cone holds about 2,560 ft³ — roughly 58 tons of corn.

See a live tool in action

The interactive version of this calculator is on our build queue. Meanwhile, these live example simulators show exactly how yours would look and behave on your own domain:

Conduit Fill · NEC▶ LIVE CALCULATOR Storage Rack quote-simulator▶ OPEN DEMO Packaging / box simulator▶ OPEN DEMO

FAQ

Do I include the cone?

Yes — the hopper cone adds meaningful volume; add it to the cylinder for total capacity.

Geometric vs usable capacity?

Usable is lower: the angle of repose leaves a peaked/void top and the outlet has dead space. Plan on 85–95% usable.

Which bulk density?

Use the loose (poured) bulk density for filling estimates; compacted density is higher and used for structural loads.

Units?

Keep everything in feet and lb/ft³ so volume in ft³ times density gives pounds; divide by 2,000 for short tons.

This page is a reference aid. Always verify against the material bulk-density data and vessel standards. Figures shown are for orientation, not a stamped design.

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