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Structural reference

Snow Load Calculator

Turn a ground snow load into the flat-roof snow load a structure must carry.

Short answerFlat-roof snow load pf = 0.7 × Ce × Ct × Is × pg, where pg is the ground snow load and Ce, Ct, Is are the exposure, thermal and importance factors. Sloped and drifted roofs add further steps.

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How it's calculated

ASCE 7 starts from the mapped ground snow load pg and reduces it to a flat-roof value with the 0.7 base factor, then adjusts for how exposed the roof is (Ce), whether the building is heated (Ct) and its importance (Is). Slope, drifting and sliding snow are separate checks on top of this.

pf = 0.7 × Ce × Ct × Is × pg (Ce exposure, Ct thermal, Is importance)
Worked example
  1. pg = 40 psf, factors = 1.0.
  2. pf = 0.7 × 40 = 28 psf flat-roof snow.

Reference tables

Typical ASCE 7 factors

FactorRange
Ce (exposure)0.7 (windy) – 1.2 (sheltered)
Ct (thermal)1.0 (heated) – 1.2 (unheated)
Is (importance)0.8 – 1.2 by risk category

A number the tables do not give: a heated, partially exposed roof with 40 psf ground snow carries about 28 psf on a flat roof before drift.

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FAQ

What is the 0.7 factor?

The base flat-roof conversion in ASCE 7 — snow on a roof is generally less than on the ground due to wind and thermal effects.

Do I add drift?

Yes, separately. Drifts against walls and at roof steps can far exceed the balanced load and are their own calculation.

Where do I get ground snow load?

From the ASCE 7 ground-snow maps or the local jurisdiction, which may set a site-specific value.

Does roof slope reduce it?

Steeper, slippery roofs shed snow, so a slope factor Cs can reduce the sloped-roof load — but check sliding onto lower roofs.

This page is a reference aid. Always verify against ASCE 7 and the local building code. Figures shown are for orientation, not a stamped design.

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